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Influence operations are coordinated efforts to shape opinions, emotions, decisions, or behaviors of a target audience. They combine messaging, social engineering, and often technical means to change how people think, talk, vote, buy, or act. Influence operations can be conducted by states, political organizations, corporations, ideological groups, or criminal networks. The intent ranges from persuasion and distraction to deception, disruption, or erosion of trust in institutions.Key stakeholders and their driving forcesInfluence operators include:State actors: intelligence agencies or political entities operating to secure strategic leverage, meet foreign policy objectives, or maintain internal control.Political campaigns and consultants: organizations working to secure electoral…

The phrase "chip race" captures a global scramble for leadership in semiconductor design, fabrication, equipment and supply-chain control. Semiconductors are the foundational technology behind smartphones, data centers, electric vehicles, telecom networks, medical devices and modern weapons. When access to advanced chips becomes a bottleneck, entire industries and national strategies are affected. That is why companies, governments and research institutions are pouring money, policy and prestige into dominating the next generation of chips.What is at stakeEconomic growth: Advanced semiconductor manufacturing and design generate high-wage jobs, exports and technology spillovers across industries.National security: Chips are dual-use—critical for both civilian infrastructure and defense…

For the first time in decades, Iranians awoke to a nation no longer led by Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, after coordinated US-Israeli strikes claimed his life, leaving the country facing a profoundly uncertain chapter.Diverse reactions unfolding nationwideThe news of Khamenei’s death has triggered a broad array of reactions throughout Iran, where residents in the capital and other major cities voiced restrained optimism, seeing the conclusion of his decades-long leadership as a moment that might reshape the country’s future. In several districts, impromptu celebrations broke out as crowds honked car horns, waved garments, and even pulled down monuments linked to the Islamic…

Modern nuclear power rests on a layered system of technical, organizational, regulatory, and institutional safeguards designed to prevent accidents, limit consequences if they occur, protect against malicious acts, and ensure that nuclear materials are not diverted for weapons. These safeguards are applied across the life cycle of a plant: siting, design, construction, operation, emergency planning, waste management, and decommissioning.Core principles: defense-in-depth and multiple physical barriersDefense-in-depth is the organizing principle. It implements multiple, independent lines of protection so that no single failure or human error leads to catastrophic release. Complementing this are multiple physical barriers that trap radioactive material and prevent…